What is Liver Cancer?
Liver cancer, also known as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a type of cancer that originates in the liver. It is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, with a higher prevalence in regions where chronic liver diseases, such as hepatitis B or C infection, are common.
There are two main types of liver cancer: primary and secondary. Primary liver cancer originates in the liver itself, while secondary liver cancer, also known as metastatic liver cancer, starts in other parts of the body and spreads to the liver.
Causes
Risk factors for liver cancer include chronic viral hepatitis B or C infection, heavy alcohol consumption, fatty liver disease, exposure to certain toxins or chemicals, obesity, diabetes, and certain inherited liver diseases. However, it is important to note that not everyone with these risk factors will develop liver cancer.
Symptoms
Early-stage liver cancer often does not cause symptoms, but as the disease progresses, symptoms may include abdominal pain or swelling, weight loss, fatigue, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), and changes in appetite or digestion.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of liver cancer typically involves imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, along with blood tests to assess liver function and check for tumor markers. A liver biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatments
Treatment options for liver cancer depend on the stage and severity of the disease. They may include surgical resection (removal) of the tumor, liver transplantation, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these approaches. In some cases, palliative care may be recommended to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
Prevention
Prevention of liver cancer involves reducing risk factors such as practicing safe sex to prevent hepatitis B or C infection, getting vaccinated against hepatitis B, limiting alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, and managing chronic liver diseases effectively.
Regular screenings and close monitoring of individuals at high risk for liver cancer, such as those with chronic liver disease, can help detect the disease at an earlier stage when treatment options are more effective.