What is GERD?
GERD, short for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, is a chronic condition where the stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation. This occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular ring that acts as a barrier between the stomach and the esophagus, does not close properly.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of GERD include:
1. Heartburn: A burning sensation in the chest, often after eating or at night when lying down.
2. Regurgitation: Sour or bitter-tasting fluid that backs up into the mouth or throat.
3. Chest pain: Chest discomfort or pain that may resemble a heart attack, though it is typically a sharp or burning sensation.
4. Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia): A feeling of food getting stuck in the throat or a choking sensation.
5. Chronic cough: A persistent cough unrelated to other respiratory conditions.
6. Hoarseness or sore throat: Irritation of the throat due to acid reflux.
Causes
GERD is often caused by a combination of factors, including a weakened LES, certain lifestyle habits, and underlying conditions. Contributing factors may include obesity, hiatal hernia (when part of the stomach protrudes into the chest cavity), pregnancy, smoking, certain medications (such as NSAIDs or calcium channel blockers), and eating large meals or lying down after eating.
Treatment
Treatment for GERD focuses on relieving symptoms, healing esophageal tissue, and preventing complications. It may involve:
1. Lifestyle modifications: This includes maintaining a healthy weight, elevating the head of the bed, avoiding trigger foods (such as spicy, acidic, or fatty foods), quitting smoking, and eating smaller, more frequent meals.
2. Medications: Over-the-counter antacids, H2-receptor blockers, or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can help reduce stomach acid and alleviate symptoms.
3. Surgical interventions: In severe cases or when medications are ineffective, surgical procedures like fundoplication may be considered to strengthen the LES and prevent acid reflux.
It is important to consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and management of GERD. They can evaluate symptoms, perform diagnostic tests if necessary (such as an endoscopy or pH monitoring), and recommend appropriate treatment options tailored to the individual’s needs.