What is Black Stool?
Black stool, also known as melena, refers to dark-colored stools that have a tarry consistency. It can be a cause for concern because it may indicate bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The black color of the stool is typically caused by the digestion of blood in the stomach or the small intestine.
Causes
Bleeding in the upper GI tract can have various causes, such as peptic ulcers, gastritis, esophageal varices (enlarged veins in the esophagus), Mallory-Weiss tears (tears in the lining of the esophagus or stomach), or stomach cancer. Certain medications, such as iron supplements or bismuth-containing compounds, can also cause black stool.
It is important to note that not all cases of black stool indicate a serious medical condition. Consuming certain foods like black licorice, blueberries, or large amounts of iron-rich foods can also temporarily darken stool color. However, if you are experiencing black stool and cannot attribute it to diet or medication, it is important to seek medical attention to determine the underlying cause.
Symptoms
Along with black stool, other symptoms of upper GI bleeding may include abdominal pain, vomiting blood or coffee-ground-like material, dizziness, weakness, and lightheadedness. Depending on the severity and duration of symptoms, immediate medical attention may be required.
Diagnosis
A healthcare professional may conduct a thorough physical examination, review your medical history, and order diagnostic tests such as stool tests, blood tests, upper GI endoscopy, or imaging studies to determine the cause of the black stool and plan appropriate treatment.
Treatment
Treatment will depend on the underlying cause of the bleeding. It may involve medication to control bleeding or to treat the underlying condition, endoscopic procedures to stop the bleeding, or, in severe cases, surgery may be required.
If you notice black stool, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional for evaluation and appropriate management.