What is Appendicitis?
Appendicitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the appendix, a small organ located in the lower right side of the abdomen. It is one of the most common causes of abdominal pain requiring surgery.
Causes
The exact cause of appendicitis is often unknown, but it is believed to occur when the appendix becomes blocked, usually by fecal matter, swollen lymph nodes, or rarely, tumors. The blockage can lead to bacterial overgrowth, infection, and inflammation.
Symptoms
The symptoms of appendicitis can vary but typically include:
1. Abdominal pain: Initially, the pain may be dull and centered around the belly button, but it often becomes sharp and migrates to the lower right side of the abdomen (McBurney’s point).
2. Loss of appetite and nausea: Many people with appendicitis experience a decrease in appetite and may feel nauseous or even vomit.
3. Fever and increased white blood cell count: Inflammation and infection can cause a low-grade fever, and blood tests may show an elevated white blood cell count, indicating an immune response.
4. Changes in bowel movements: Some individuals may experience diarrhea or constipation.
Though these symptoms are common, it is essential to note that the presentation of appendicitis can vary, especially in children, pregnant women, and the elderly.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of appendicitis often involves a combination of clinical assessment, physical examination, and imaging tests. The physical examination may include checking for specific signs, such as tenderness and rebound tenderness in the lower right abdomen. Imaging tests, such as ultrasound or CT scan, may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the condition.
Treatments
Treatment for appendicitis typically requires surgical removal of the appendix, a procedure known as an appendectomy. This is usually done laparoscopically, through small incisions, but in some cases, an open appendectomy may be necessary. Prompt removal is important to prevent complications, such as appendiceal rupture, which can lead to a serious infection called peritonitis.
If you suspect appendicitis or experience severe abdominal pain, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention. Delayed diagnosis and treatment can lead to complications and worsen the prognosis.