What is Acute Pancreatitis?
Acute pancreatitis is a sudden and severe inflammation of the pancreas, which is the glandular organ located behind the stomach. It is usually a short-term condition that requires immediate medical attention.
Causes
The most common causes of acute pancreatitis include gallstones and excessive alcohol consumption. Other possible causes include certain medications, high levels of triglycerides in the blood, abdominal trauma, infections, autoimmune conditions, genetic factors, and certain medical procedures.
Symptoms
During acute pancreatitis, enzymes that are normally released by the pancreas to aid digestion, such as amylase and lipase, become activated inside the pancreas itself, causing damage to the pancreatic tissue. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including:
- Severe abdominal pain: The pain is often located in the upper abdomen and may radiate to the back. It is typically described as a constant, dull or sharp pain that worsens after eating or drinking.
- Nausea and vomiting: Nausea is common, and vomiting may occur, especially after eating.
- Swollen and tender abdomen: Swelling and tenderness may be present in the abdominal area.
- Fever and increased heart rate: In severe cases, fever and an elevated heart rate may be present.
- Abnormal colored stools and urine: Stools may appear oily or greasy due to poor digestion and yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) may occur in some cases.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests to measure amylase and lipase levels, imaging tests such as an abdominal CT scan or ultrasound, and possibly other diagnostic procedures.
Treatments
Treatment for acute pancreatitis usually consists of supportive care. This includes:
- Hospitalization: Acute pancreatitis often requires admission to the hospital, especially in severe cases.
- Pain management: Medications are given to alleviate pain.
- Intravenous (IV) fluids: Fluids are administered to prevent dehydration and maintain electrolyte balance.
- Nutritional support: In some cases, feeding through a nasogastric tube or intravenous nutrition may be required to rest the pancreas.
In severe cases, complications such as infection, pancreatic necrosis, or organ failure can occur, requiring more aggressive treatments, such as surgery or drainage procedures.
It is important to seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms of acute pancreatitis. Only a healthcare professional can provide the appropriate diagnosis and treatment plan based on the severity and underlying cause of the condition.