What is Colorectal Cancer?
Colorectal cancer, also known as bowel cancer, is a type of cancer that develops in the colon or rectum. Most cases of colorectal cancer begin as small, noncancerous growths called polyps on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. Over time, some of these polyps can become cancerous.
Causes
There are several risk factors associated with colorectal cancer, including age (it is more common in people over 50), a personal or family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, a history of inflammatory bowel disease (such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease), a diet high in red meat and processed meats, obesity, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and a sedentary lifestyle.
Symptoms
Symptoms of colorectal cancer can vary, but they may include changes in bowel habits (such as diarrhea or constipation), rectal bleeding, blood in the stool, abdominal discomfort or pain, unintended weight loss, fatigue, and a feeling of incomplete bowel emptying.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of colorectal cancer typically involves screening tests such as fecal occult blood tests, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or imaging tests such as CT scan or MRI. A biopsy will be performed to confirm the presence of cancer cells.
Treatments
Treatment options for colorectal cancer depend on the stage and extent of the disease. Surgery is the primary treatment and involves removing the cancerous tumor along with nearby lymph nodes. In some cases, chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be used before or after surgery to shrink the tumor and destroy any remaining cancer cells.
For advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer, additional treatments such as targeted therapy or immunotherapy may be utilized. These approaches help to specifically target cancer cells or boost the body’s immune response against cancer.
Prevention
Prevention of colorectal cancer includes regular screenings, such as colonoscopies, starting at age 50 for individuals at average risk (or earlier for those with higher risk factors). Lifestyle changes, including adopting a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, avoiding or reducing processed meats and alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and not smoking, can also help reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Early detection and prompt treatment of colorectal cancer can significantly improve the chances of successful outcomes. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the risk factors, symptoms, and recommended screening guidelines, and to seek medical attention if any concerning signs or symptoms arise.